SESNOR PRIVATE LIMITED

In their own words

Increasing demand for flexible devices has attracted research in developing flexible energy harvesting, storage, and sensor devices for powering and other requirements of devices. The global flexible electronics market was valued at $23.64 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach $42.48 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 7.4 from 2020 to 2027. In India, we import close to ₹22,000 crores worth of electronics from China, which accounts for close to 19.4% of all imports. These electronic components find applications in almost every industrial sector possible such as environment monitoring, agricultural sensing, renewable energy, and toxin screening and bio-sensing. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to develop indigenous manufacturing capabilities for low cost electronic devices to reduce our reliance on imported components. A majority of Indian electronics still relies on Chinese manufacturers for basic electronic components such as sensors and capacitors. These components find applications in almost every industrial sector possible such as environment monitoring, agricultural sensing, renewable energy, toxin screening and bio-sensing. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to develop indigenous manufacturing capabilities for low cost electronic devices to reduce our reliance on imported components. Out of all the sensors available, humidity sensors have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of their applications in smart packaging and healthcare. Although the existing humidity sensors in the literature have successfully been fabricated on flexible substrates, this flexible technology has not been successfully translated to the commercial market due to several underlying technical reasons. Most families of materials being explored for humidity sensing such as transition metal dichalcogenides and metal oxides are often compounds of rare earth metals, making them expensive and toxic. The fabrication of these nanomaterials on a micro scale is often carried out using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or sputtering (DC & RF) which are ideal for academic settings but cannot be industrially adopted due to their large operating costs and inability to carry out fast large scale manufacturing. Apart from this, most humidity sensors show resistive based change i.e. the resistance of the material changes with increasing/decreasing relative humidity. But this makes them highly susceptible to any temperature changes, restricting the application of these sensors to only room temperature. This is a huge disadvantage as minor temperature fluctuations during the day will increase bias in the sensor readings. In order to be useful in most practical settings, humidity sensors need to be stable and not show degradation in sensing properties for several months. Contrary to this, most sensors reported are not tested for more than one to two months. Thus, the motivation of our work was the need for a flexible humidity sensor with high sensitivity, low response/recovery times and low hysteresis coupled with good thermal stability for wide operation temperature ranges and long term stability over a span of multiple months. As mentioned above, one of the upcoming applications of humidity sensors is in wearable electronics and biomedical systems. Although these areas have shown tremendous progress in the recent years, one of the remaining bottle necks to commercialize these humidity sensors is their power sources. Batteries are often cumbersome and contain toxic materials making them unfit for close human contact. As a result, researchers are looking towards supercapacitors which are energy storage devices, in between a battery and a capacitor, to store energy and drive these humidity sensors. The integration of micro supercapacitors with micro humidity sensors on a flexible substrate has only been demonstrated in the literature and true large scale commercialization of these systems is yet to catch up. One of the major hurdles is that the majority of the commercial supercapacitors rely on carbonaceous materials due to their long life. Contrary to this, non-carbon materials (pseudocapacitive materials) are yet to be commercialized due to their degradation over time. As a result of this, the performance of the commercially available supercapacitors is much below the state of the art academic output of these device, making them unfit for powering sensing systems. Finally, while dealing with the fabrication methodology of these flexible electronic devices, it is crucial to come up with agile fabrication solutions which can be used across different types of devices such as sensors and supercapacitors. Currently, each type of flexible electronic device has its own unique fabrication methodology, such as gravure printing (humidity sensors) and roll to roll printing (supercapacitors). Setting up these different manufacturing methodologies is a major cost factor, which not only drives up tthe operating costs, but also makeing.

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